快速發展的經濟讓高速路、車流量等不斷增加,對高速路監控也帶來了較大挑戰。在“大數據”背景下,高速公路各功能系統產生快速、大量、多樣的數據,如何將“大數據”轉換成“強應用”,是新型高速公路監控的發展重點。視頻監控主要應用在收費系統、道路監控系統、隧道監控系統以及管理用房的監控當中,我們需要結合應用車牌識別技術、物聯網技術、存儲技術,使高速公路運營日益智能化、智慧化。
關鍵詞:物(wu)聯(lian)(lian)網;視頻(pin)聯(lian)(lian)網;高清
高速公路視頻聯網監控系統發展現狀
近些(xie)年我國高(gao)速(su)公路建設(she)突飛猛進,高(gao)速(su)公路跨入路網(wang)化時代,同時高(gao)速(su)公路視(shi)頻(pin)聯網(wang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控系統(tong)也變(bian)得越(yue)來越(yue)完善,視(shi)頻(pin)聯網(wang)趨(qu)于網(wang)絡(luo)化、智能(neng)化,有了長足的(de)發展。道(dao)路越(yue)來越(yue)多樣化,網(wang)絡(luo)視(shi)頻(pin)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控不再是(shi)一個點的(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測,實現(xian)了遠程監(jian)(jian)(jian)測、現(xian)場監(jian)(jian)(jian)測相結合(he)。數字圖像也逐漸取代模擬(ni)廣播、智能(neng)數字圖像存(cun)儲,而不是(shi)存(cun)儲模擬(ni)閉路電(dian)視(shi)系統(tong),可以(yi)使(shi)用(yong)大屏幕,屏幕顯示攝像機等(deng)設(she)備覆蓋(gai)的(de)道(dao)路交通各(ge)個重(zhong)要位置,此外,可以(yi)利用(yong)一些(xie)日志記錄事件,便于今后的(de)分析(xi)。
2012年(nian),IP化(hua)(hua)高(gao)(gao)(gao)清(qing)(qing)視(shi)頻監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)的出(chu)現(xian),顛(dian)覆了原有模擬、標(biao)清(qing)(qing)視(shi)頻監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)的應用模式,使視(shi)頻監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)不(bu)僅用于日常實時(shi)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong),而且(qie)為高(gao)(gao)(gao)速公(gong)路其余監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)提(ti)供基(ji)礎(chu)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju),使整體高(gao)(gao)(gao)速公(gong)路監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)向智能化(hua)(hua)、智慧(hui)化(hua)(hua)邁進了一大(da)(da)(da)步(bu)。現(xian)在的高(gao)(gao)(gao)清(qing)(qing)視(shi)頻監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong),已經逐(zhu)步(bu)成為收費監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)、車牌(pai)及卡(ka)號查(cha)詢系(xi)統(tong)、數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)分發系(xi)統(tong)、數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)查(cha)詢系(xi)統(tong)、報警管理系(xi)統(tong)、圖像稽(ji)查(cha)系(xi)統(tong)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)或缺的重要基(ji)礎(chu)。高(gao)(gao)(gao)清(qing)(qing)視(shi)頻數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)具有數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)量大(da)(da)(da),信(xin)(xin)息來源多(duo)種多(duo)樣,信(xin)(xin)息結構(gou)豐富(結構(gou)化(hua)(hua)、非結構(gou)化(hua)(hua)),這些都是“大(da)(da)(da)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)”的基(ji)本特點。通過高(gao)(gao)(gao)速公(gong)路運(yun)營中(zhong)心大(da)(da)(da)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)的分析處理,可(ke)(ke)以提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)運(yun)營單(dan)位數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)綜合應用水(shui)平,不(bu)斷增強數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)的價值(zhi),為提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)速公(gong)路運(yun)營提(ti)供可(ke)(ke)靠的決策數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)支(zhi)持,為“保暢通、促和諧”注入新的活(huo)力(li)。
高速公路視頻聯網監控系統功能
◆ 實現本地和遠程監視
各(ge)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)中(zhong)心來負責控(kong)(kong)制攝(she)像機(ji)(ji)工作和監(jian)(jian)視管理路(lu)段視頻圖像;總中(zhong)心全路(lu)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong),但不能(neng)實現遠程(cheng)控(kong)(kong)制攝(she)像機(ji)(ji),利(li)用監(jian)(jian)視攝(she)像儀顯示監(jian)(jian)視圖像,分中(zhong)心可(ke)以(yi)控(kong)(kong)制攝(she)像機(ji)(ji)錄像,總中(zhong)心和分中(zhong)心都可(ke)以(yi)錄像、可(ke)以(yi)調取(qu)任意路(lu)段視頻,采用大容(rong)量(liang)存儲設備也(ye)可(ke)實現今后(hou)隨時調取(qu)錄像。
◆ 實現本地和遠程監控
監(jian)(jian)(jian)視(shi)(shi)管理路(lu)段(duan)視(shi)(shi)頻(pin)圖(tu)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)和(he)攝(she)(she)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)機(ji)(ji)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)由各路(lu)段(duan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)負責;監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)總(zong)(zong)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)對(dui)(dui)全路(lu)網作宏觀監(jian)(jian)(jian)視(shi)(shi)。但(dan)特殊條件(jian)如交通事故及特殊運輸等,監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)也可監(jian)(jian)(jian)視(shi)(shi)管理路(lu)段(duan)視(shi)(shi)頻(pin)圖(tu)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)和(he)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)攝(she)(she)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)機(ji)(ji)。總(zong)(zong)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin):監(jian)(jian)(jian)視(shi)(shi)全路(lu)網任意一個攝(she)(she)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)機(ji)(ji)的視(shi)(shi)頻(pin)圖(tu)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),特殊情況下(xia),可以(yi)(yi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)攝(she)(she)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)機(ji)(ji);利(li)用(yong)大屏幕(mu)以(yi)(yi)及監(jian)(jian)(jian)視(shi)(shi)器等設(she)備顯示監(jian)(jian)(jian)視(shi)(shi)圖(tu)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang);用(yong)攝(she)(she)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)機(ji)(ji)錄(lu)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),便(bian)于(yu)日(ri)后(hou)調看取證(zheng)等。分中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin):對(dui)(dui)覆蓋區(qu)域內的攝(she)(she)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)機(ji)(ji)進行監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong),并控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)攝(she)(she)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)機(ji)(ji);利(li)用(yong)大屏幕(mu)以(yi)(yi)及監(jian)(jian)(jian)視(shi)(shi)器等設(she)備顯示監(jian)(jian)(jian)視(shi)(shi)圖(tu)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang);用(yong)攝(she)(she)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)機(ji)(ji)錄(lu)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),便(bian)于(yu)日(ri)后(hou)調看取證(zheng)等。此模式中(zhong)(zhong),總(zong)(zong)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)和(he)分中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)都可以(yi)(yi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)攝(she)(she)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)機(ji)(ji),并且總(zong)(zong)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)的操控(kong)(kong)(kong)權優(you)先(xian)于(yu)分中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)。
◆ 智能視頻分析
高(gao)速公(gong)路(lu)(lu)監控(kong)視頻需(xu)要(yao)調(diao)取海量(liang)數據(ju),聯(lian)網(wang)中心需(xu)要(yao)從大量(liang)數據(ju)中挖掘有(you)用(yong)信(xin)息實現自動化監控(kong),提(ti)高(gao)監控(kong)效(xiao)率(lv)也是一個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)課題。應(ying)(ying)該結合行業(ye)和路(lu)(lu)段特(te)點,進行專(zhuan)項分(fen)析,以提(ti)高(gao)在(zai)此(ci)領域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)效(xiao)率(lv)。目前業(ye)內結合本行業(ye)特(te)點有(you)以下三種方(fang)(fang)式:硬盤(pan)錄像資料的(de)(de)(de)稽查檢索;在(zai)實際(ji)檢驗過(guo)(guo)程無法瀏覽所(suo)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)海量(liang)圖(tu)像數據(ju),只能通過(guo)(guo)隨(sui)機的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式,費時費力(li),效(xiao)率(lv)低,需(xu)要(yao)一套智能視頻分(fen)析來提(ti)高(gao)檢索系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv),在(zai)此(ci)方(fang)(fang)面已(yi)經做了有(you)益的(de)(de)(de)嘗試;基于視頻的(de)(de)(de)路(lu)(lu)徑(jing)識別(bie)系(xi)統:聯(lian)網(wang)收費在(zai)很多(duo)省市如火如荼的(de)(de)(de)展開的(de)(de)(de)國家(jia),隨(sui)著收費公(gong)路(lu)(lu)網(wang)規模不(bu)斷擴大,全面準確路(lu)(lu)徑(jing)識別(bie)、加密,因此(ci)應(ying)(ying)著手(shou)解決(jue)基于視頻的(de)(de)(de)路(lu)(lu)徑(jing)識別(bie)系(xi)統其(qi)他互(hu)補的(de)(de)(de)路(lu)(lu)徑(jing)識別(bie)。
結合物聯網技術的視頻聯網監控系統功能
◆ 智能車牌識別系統
高(gao)速(su)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)運營(ying)(ying)中(zhong)(zhong)心又具備了(le)分析(xi)“大(da)數據”的(de)(de)能力,在(zai)(zai)此基礎上(shang),各種智能化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)就(jiu)可(ke)應(ying)用在(zai)(zai)高(gao)速(su)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)運營(ying)(ying)管理中(zhong)(zhong)。車(che)牌識(shi)別(bie)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)就(jiu)是(shi)其中(zhong)(zhong)核心業(ye)務之一(yi)。車(che)牌識(shi)別(bie)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)為收(shou)(shou)費(fei)(fei)站(zhan)堵(du)漏增收(shou)(shou),避(bi)免(mian)開放式(shi)收(shou)(shou)費(fei)(fei)站(zhan)闖崗事件發(fa)生起到(dao)重要作(zuo)用,系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)已在(zai)(zai)高(gao)速(su)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)收(shou)(shou)費(fei)(fei)站(zhan)應(ying)用多年(nian)。在(zai)(zai)“大(da)數據”時代,車(che)牌識(shi)別(bie)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)不(bu)(bu)單單可(ke)應(ying)用于收(shou)(shou)費(fei)(fei)站(zhan)車(che)道(dao)抓拍,在(zai)(zai)路(lu)(lu)(lu)網聯(lian)網收(shou)(shou)費(fei)(fei)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong),可(ke)起到(dao)“打(da)擊逃費(fei)(fei)”的(de)(de)作(zuo)用。在(zai)(zai)聯(lian)網收(shou)(shou)費(fei)(fei)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong),都(dou)面臨著多路(lu)(lu)(lu)徑(jing)識(shi)別(bie)及結算(suan)問題。在(zai)(zai)聯(lian)網收(shou)(shou)費(fei)(fei)環境下(xia),不(bu)(bu)可(ke)避(bi)免(mian)的(de)(de)存在(zai)(zai)有高(gao)速(su)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)環路(lu)(lu)(lu)情況,即車(che)輛可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)(zai)路(lu)(lu)(lu)網內由(you)一(yi)點(dian)出發(fa)通(tong)(tong)過不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)路(lu)(lu)(lu)線(xian)達(da)到(dao)目(mu)的(de)(de)地。在(zai)(zai)投(tou)資主體多元化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)路(lu)(lu)(lu)網環境下(xia),路(lu)(lu)(lu)徑(jing)識(shi)別(bie)不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)僅(jin)涉及每(mei)一(yi)輛同行車(che)輛的(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)信費(fei)(fei)如何計算(suan),同時還要考慮收(shou)(shou)入(ru)的(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)行費(fei)(fei)拆分給哪個單位。為了(le)解決以(yi)上(shang)問題,在(zai)(zai)高(gao)速(su)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)網內的(de)(de)所有收(shou)(shou)費(fei)(fei)站(zhan)入(ru)口(kou)車(che)道(dao)、出口(kou)車(che)道(dao)車(che)牌識(shi)別(bie)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong);在(zai)(zai)多義性路(lu)(lu)(lu)徑(jing)關鍵(jian)點(dian)安(an)裝門架式(shi)車(che)牌識(shi)別(bie)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)。
◆ 聯網監控系統數據存儲體系
存儲(chu)(chu)(chu)已(yi)經(jing)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)高速公(gong)路(lu)監控體系(xi)中不(bu)可或(huo)缺的一(yi)部分(fen)。當前端信息量越來越大,區域化管理需(xu)求(qiu)日趨明顯,建立高效、穩(wen)定、查詢快速的存儲(chu)(chu)(chu)系(xi)統已(yi)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)高速公(gong)路(lu)業務管理者的共識。高速公(gong)路(lu)存儲(chu)(chu)(chu)體系(xi)可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)三級,依次(ci)為(wei)(wei)收費(fei)站監控數(shu)據(ju)(ju),路(lu)段監控中心數(shu)據(ju)(ju),省監控中心數(shu)據(ju)(ju)。高速公(gong)路(lu)考(kao)慮到實(shi)際應用(yong)(yong)的簡易性(xing)、穩(wen)定性(xing),應采(cai)用(yong)(yong)收費(fei)站分(fen)布(bu)式存儲(chu)(chu)(chu)模(mo)式,在(zai)收費(fei)站部署基于IP-SAN 架構的存儲(chu)(chu)(chu)設備。根據(ju)(ju)高速公(gong)路(lu)存儲(chu)(chu)(chu)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)需(xu)要(yao)快速、穩(wen)定調閱的需(xu)求(qiu),存儲(chu)(chu)(chu)系(xi)統應使用(yong)(yong)iSCSI 直存或(huo)iSCSI 塊直存技術,并(bing)輔助以雙機、雙控、RAID 等容災技術。
◆ 物聯網技術智能聯網監控
高(gao)速(su)(su)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)智能(neng)化應(ying)(ying)用遠(yuan)不止于此,例如(ru)當今最前沿的物聯(lian)網(wang)技(ji)術(shu),在高(gao)速(su)(su)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)智能(neng)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)系統中(zhong)也有大量應(ying)(ying)用。物聯(lian)網(wang)技(ji)術(shu)應(ying)(ying)用于高(gao)速(su)(su)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)路(lu)段(duan),可(ke)(ke)實(shi)時(shi)準(zhun)確(que)獲取(qu)高(gao)速(su)(su)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息,為(wei)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)理(li)和交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息服(fu)務提供(gong)數據(ju)支(zhi)持,獲得(de)高(gao)速(su)(su)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)駛(shi)車輛的實(shi)時(shi)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息和高(gao)速(su)(su)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)路(lu)面實(shi)時(shi)路(lu)況、車道占有率等。物聯(lian)網(wang)技(ji)術(shu)應(ying)(ying)用于收費(fei)站,可(ke)(ke)建立不停(ting)車收費(fei)系統,利用RFID 技(ji)術(shu)提高(gao)收費(fei)效率和通(tong)(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)力。所(suo)有路(lu)段(duan)線(xian)圈、收費(fei)站RFID傳感器都可(ke)(ke)看(kan)做(zuo)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息節點,通(tong)(tong)(tong)過傳輸系統傳輸至運營中(zhong)心(xin)管(guan)理(li)平臺,應(ying)(ying)用傳感信(xin)(xin)(xin)息建立交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息發(fa)布(bu)及(ji)服(fu)務系統,為(wei)出(chu)(chu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)者提供(gong)準(zhun)確(que)的出(chu)(chu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息,以(yi)便出(chu)(chu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)者確(que)定最佳的出(chu)(chu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)時(shi)間(jian)、交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)路(lu)徑及(ji)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)方式(shi)。并可(ke)(ke)把服(fu)務信(xin)(xin)(xin)息通(tong)(tong)(tong)過運營商網(wang)絡(luo)發(fa)布(bu)到出(chu)(chu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)者移動終端上,可(ke)(ke)向(xiang)司機提供(gong)天氣(qi)、路(lu)面狀況、事故易發(fa)地(di)等信(xin)(xin)(xin)息,并可(ke)(ke)推薦行(xing)(xing)(xing)駛(shi)路(lu)線(xian)。
結束語
文章(zhang)從(cong)高速公(gong)路視(shi)(shi)頻聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)監控(kong)現(xian)狀入手,介紹了大(da)數據時代智能(neng)車牌識別、物聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)技術等(deng)等(deng)新技術在(zai)高速公(gong)路視(shi)(shi)頻聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)監控(kong)系(xi)統中的(de)應用,并且對于設備在(zai)高速公(gong)路中的(de)運用模式和功能(neng)做(zuo)了系(xi)統的(de)分析。視(shi)(shi)頻聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)監控(kong)涉及(ji)交通、管理、法律、政(zheng)策等(deng)很多領域,所以在(zai)高速公(gong)路中建(jian)設視(shi)(shi)頻聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)系(xi)統非常重要。